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Urea grade A

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Characteristics
Application

Carbamide (urea, carbonic acid diamide) is odorless, colorless crystals.
Solubility (g in 100 g of solvent): in water - 51.8 (20 ° C), 71.7 (60 ° C), 95.0 (120 ° C);

in liquid ammonia - 49.2 (20 ° C, 709 kPa), 90 (100 ° C, 1267 kPa); in methanol - 22 (20 ° C); in ethanol - 5.4 (20 ° C);

in isopropanol - 2.6 (20 ° C); in isobutanol - 6.2 (20 ° C); in ethyl acetate - 0.08 (25 ° C); insoluble in chloroform.

The carbamide molecule has a flat structure.

Properties

When heated to 150 ° C and above, urea is successively converted into NH4NCO, NH3, CO2, biuret, cyanuric acid; in a closed vessel, especially when ammonia is added to the amination products of cyanuric acid, for example melamine. In dilute solutions at ~ 200 ° C,

complete hydrolysis of carbamide with the formation of ammonia and carbon dioxide is possible.

Hydrolysis is accelerated in the presence of acids and alkalis
In molten form, urea reacts with alkali metals and their amides to form cyanamide salts.

Alkylation of carbamide produces alkyl-substituted ureas RNHCONH2; under the action of alcohols, NH2COOR urethanes.

In industry, carbamide is obtained by the Bazarov reaction:

2NH3 + CO2 = NH2COONH4 + 125.6 kJ / mol

NH2COONH4 = (NH2) 2CO + H2O -15.49 kJ / mol

Application

Urea is used as a concentrated nitrogen fertilizer (contains about 46% N) for many crops on all soils, as well as a substitute for natural protein in feed for ruminants.

Urea derivatives are effective herbicides. Urea is a raw material for the synthesis of valuable chemical products: carbamide resins, melamine, cyanuric acid and its esters, NaCN, KCN, hydrazine, hydrazoformamide, as well as pharmaceuticals (veronal, luminal, bromural, etc.), some dyes.

In the oil industry, urea is used for dewaxing oils and motor fuels with the release of soft paraffin - raw materials for the production of protein-vitamin preparations, fatty alcohols and acids, and detergents.